Glycerine, also known as glycerol, is a simple polyol compound with the chemical formula C₃H₈O₃. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid with a sweet taste. It is derived from both natural sources (like vegetable oils and animal fats) and synthetic processes. Its unique properties make it a versatile ingredient across numerous industries.
key properties
- Common Names: Glycerol, 1,2,3-Propanetriol
- Chemical Formula: C₃H₈O₃
- Appearance: Clear, colorless, syrupy liquid.
- Properties: Hygroscopic (draws moisture from the air), non-toxic, and highly soluble in water and alcohol.
Applications
- Cosmetics and Personal Care: Widely used as a humectant in lotions, creams, soaps, and shampoos to hydrate the skin and prevent moisture loss.
- Pharmaceuticals: Serves as a solvent, sweetening agent, and thickener in medications like cough syrups. It’s also used in suppositories for its laxative properties.
- Food Industry: Used as a sweetener, preservative, and thickening agent in various food products, including baked goods and liqueurs.
- Industrial Uses: Used in the production of plastics, resins, antifreeze, and as a component in explosives like nitroglycerin.
Safety Precautions
- Ingestion: While safe for consumption in food and pharmaceuticals, excessive oral intake can lead to digestive discomfort.
- Skin Contact: Undiluted glycerine can dehydrate the skin, so it is often used in diluted forms in cosmetic products. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA.
- Storage: As a combustible liquid, it should be stored away from heat, flames, and strong oxidizing agents.